Appendix B — Multiservice Codes Applicable to Flight Test

B.1 Symbol Keys

◬ Codes most often misused are indicated with an warning symbol and include an explanation of how to avoid misuse.

The Type is shown in curly braces indicates whether a code is meant to:

{D} Direct
{I} Inform
{R} Request

Table B.1: Key to Multi-Service Brevity Codes
Symbol or Abbreviation	Brevity code meaning applies to
[A/A]	Air-to-air (A/A) operations or communications.
[A/S]	Air-to-surface (A/S) operations or communications.
[S/A]	Surface-to-air (S/A) operations or communications.
[SO]	Space operations (SO) or communications.
[S/S]	Surface-to-surface (S/S) operations or communications.
[EW]	Electromagnetic warfare (EW) operations or communications.
[AIR-MAR]	Maritime air (AIRMAR) operations or communications.
[MAR-MAR]	Maritime to maritime (MAR-MAR) operations or communications.

B.2 Attention-Getting Codes

Attention-Getting codes have significant potential for miscommunication. This is often because test aircrew and operators were trained in an operational context, whereas test and range personnel were trained in a test context. Because of the urgent nature of attention-getting codes, they must be carefully defined for each test and briefed carefully.

Table B.2: Attention-Getting Brevity Codes
Attention-Getting Brevity Code	Definition	Flight Test Context
ABORT	{D} Cease action or terminate the attack prior to weapons release or event or mission.	Per the comm plan, but typically used when test limits or boundaries have been or will be exceeded. Usually implies a briefed abort procedure.
[system] BENT/SICK	{I} System indicated is inoperative/degraded. Cancelled by SWEET	Describing system difficulties
BINGO	{I} Pre-briefed fuel state needed for recovery.	Briefed fuel state that triggers an automatic decision to terminate testing and return to base.
BLIND	{I} No visual contact with FRIENDLY aircraft, ship, or ground position. Opposite of VISUAL.	Could be a test or a safety consideration.
BOGEY	{I} A radar or visual air CONTACT whose identity is unknown.	An indication of “stranger traffic” that could interfere with test execution.
CEASE [activity]	{I} Discontinue stated activity; e.g., CEASE BUZZER, CEASE LASER, CEASE SPARKLE, CEASE TORCH, etc.	A generally useful term
CONTACT(S)	{I} Sensor information at the stated position. {I} [A/S] Acknowledges sighting of a specified reference point (either visually or via sensor). {I} [A/A] Individual radar return within a GROUP or ARM.	Could change required separations per the safety considerations, i.e. strict altitude separation required until CONTACT, then 1000 foot bubble.
DIVERT	{D} Proceed to alternate mission/base.	Directing to alternate landing site for WX/MX/other
JOKER◬	{I} Fuel state above BINGO at which separation, bugout, or event termination should begin.	Briefed fuel state that indicates a decision point in the test flow. ◬Can have multiple jokers for various reasons (tanker, altitude block change, etc.) as determined by test team.
KNOCK-IT-OFF	{D} [A/A] [A/S] Cease all air combat maneuvers, attacks, activities, or exercises (training use only).	In test, typically used to indicate a safety of flight concern, directing termination of testing and resumption of “normal” flight. Followed by discussion of cause and next action to be taken.
[object] NO FACTOR	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [S/A] Stated [object] is not a threat.	Declaring that an identified object will not interfere with safety of flight or test.
NO JOY◬	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [S/A] [SO] Aircrew does not have visual contact with the TARGET or BANDIT. Opposite of TALLY. {I} Indicates that radio communications could not be established with the distant end on a specified radio net.	◬Similar to BLIND, but BLIND is for FRIENDLY; NO JOY is for everyone else.
PADLOCKED	{I} Aircrew cannot take eyes off an aircraft, ground target, or surface position without risk of losing TALLY or VISUAL.	Indicates aircrew is task saturated and channelized.
SOUR	{I} (mode/type) [A/A] [S/A] Invalid or no response to an administrative IFF or selective ID feature check. {I} (link name) (e.g., “TIMBER SOUR”) Potential problems with net entry; initiates pre-mission link troubleshooting. (Opposite of SWEET)	Useful in systems testing to indicate that testing will be affecting by system problems.
STRANGER	{I} [A/A] Unidentified traffic that is not a participant in the action in progress.	Traffic that could conflict with test execution or flight safety.
TALLY	{I} Sighting of a target, non-friendly aircraft, or enemy position. Opposite of NO JOY.	Can be used to indicate successful sighting during test execution.
TERMINATE◬	{D} [A/A] In training, cease local engagement without affecting the overall exercise.	Often used to cease test point execution, prior to test point completion. In test, this means whatever the test team briefed it to mean, but the meaning is typically different from standard brevity code. ◬BE CAREFUL TO CLEARLY DEFINE USE WHEN FLIGHT TERMINATION SYSTEMS ARE EMPLOYED!!!
TUMBLEWEED	{I + R} I have limited situational awareness (i.e., NO JOY, BLIND), and I request information.	HELP!! Can be used to indicate extreme disorientation.
VISUAL	{I} Sighting of a FRIENDLY aircraft, ground position, or ship. Opposite of BLIND.	Could change required separations per the safety considerations, i.e. strict altitude separation required until VISUAL, then 1000 foot bubble.

B.3 Informative Geometry Codes

Informative Geometry codes communicate a general condition. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.3: Informative Geometry Brevity Codes
Informative Geometry Brevity Code	Definition
ANCHOR [location]	{D} Orbit about a specific point. {I} Refueling track flown by tanker.
ANCHORED [location]	{I} [A/A] Turning engagement at the specified location.
FEET WET/DRY	{I} Flying over water/land.
IN [direction]	{I} [A/A] Turning toward a known threat. Opposite of OUT. {I} [A/S] Entering terminal phase of an air-to-ground attack. Opposite of OFF.
MARSHAL(ING)	{D or I} Establish(ed) at a specific point, typically used to posture forces in preparation for an offensive operation.
OFF [direction]	{I} [A/A] [A/S] Attack is terminated, and maneuvering to the indicated direction.
OUT [direction]	{D or I} [A/A] Turn or turning to a cold aspect relative to a known threat.
PUSHING	{I} [A/A] Departing designated point.
SADDLED	{I} [A/A] Wingman or element has returned to briefed formation position. Cancels STRIPPED
STRIPPED	{I} [A/A] Aircraft is out of prebriefed formation. Opposite of SADDLED.

B.4 Relative Geometry Codes

Relative Geometry codes provide relationship between two air vehicles, both location and angles. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.4: Relative Geometry Brevity Codes
Relative Geometry Brevity Code	Definition
BEAM [direction]	{I} [A/A] CONTACT stabilized within 70 to 110 degrees of aspect.
BRAA	{I} [A/A] [S/A] The following information is in a tactical control format providing target bearing, range, altitude, and aspect (BRAA) relative to the specified FRIENDLY aircraft. {D} Switch to BRAA format to a specific GROUP or CONTACT.
BULLSEYE	{I} An established reference point from which the position of an object can be referenced by bearing (magnetic) and range (nautical miles) from this point. Extremely important! Ensure that the BULLSEYE is briefed. “Bullseye 050 at 50 miles.” Think polar coordinates with a briefed origin, instead of the Cartesian lat/long coordinates.
CLOSING	{I} [A/A] Decreasing separation. Opposite of OPENING.
COLD	{D or I} [A/A] Initiate(ing) a turn in the combat air patrol away from the anticipated threats. {I} [A/S] Defined area is not expected to receive fire (enemy or FRIENDLY). {I} [A/A] Intercept geometry will result in a pass or roll out behind the target. {I} [A/A] CONTACT aspect stabilized 0–20 degrees from the tail or 160–180 degrees from the nose. {I} [A/S] CONTACT aspect stabilized 0-20 degrees or 160-180 degrees from referenced position (friendly forward operating base, named area of interest (NAI), target area, etc.). {I} [AIR-MAR] CONTACT aspect stabilized 0-20 degrees from stern or 160-180 degrees from bow.
DRAG [cardinal direction]	{I} [A/A] CONTACT aspect stabilized at 0–60 degrees angle from tail or 120–180 degrees angle from nose.
FLANK [direction]	{I} [A/A] CONTACT aspect stabilized at 120–150 degrees angle from tail or 30–60 degrees angle from nose.
HOT	{D or I} [A/A] Initiate or initiating a turn in the combat air patrol toward the anticipated threats. Opposite of COLD. {I} Defined area is expected to receive fire (enemy or FRIENDLY). Opposite of COLD. {I} Ordnance employment intended or completed. Opposite of DRY. {I} CONTACT aspect stabilized at 160–180 degrees angle from tail or 0–20 degrees angle from nose. {I} [A/A] Intercept geometry will result in passing in front of the target.
LEVEL	{I} Contact is co-altitude (interflight call). {I} Briefed altitude has been reached.
OPENING	{I} [A/A] Increasing separation. Opposite of CLOSING.

Figure B.1: The Relation Between Aspect Angles and Relative Geometry Brevity Codes

B.5 Picture Geometry Codes

“Picture” Geometry codes provide an overview of the tactical airspace. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.5: “Picture” Geometry Brevity Codes
“Picture” Geometry Brevity Code	Definition
PICTURE	{R} [A/A] [A/S] [AIR-MAR] A request to provide information pertinent to the mission in a digital bullseye format unless briefed otherwise.
NEW PICTURE	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [AIR-MAR] Used by controller or aircrew when tactical PICTURE has changed. Supersedes all previous calls and reestablishes PICTURE for all players.
GROUP(S)	{I} [A/A] Any number of air CONTACT(S) within 3 nautical miles in azimuth and range of each other. [AIR-MAR] Any number of surface CONTACTs within 1 nautical miles of each other.
SINGLE	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] One GROUP, CONTACT, etc.
HEAVY	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] A GROUP known to contain three or more CONTACTs.
PACKAGE	{I} [A/A] Geographically isolated collection of GROUPs outside of briefed range.
[direction] ARM	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] CONTACT(S) within a single GROUP that maneuvers outside of the GROUP criteria.
CLEAN	{I} [A/A] No sensor information on a GROUP of interest. {I} No visible battle damage. For Battle Damage (BD) checks “Clean and Dry” means no damage and no leaking fluids. {I} Aircraft not carrying external stores. Aircraft configuration. Be careful and be specific. Better to state explicitly the required configuration than to just say “clean.”
2 Groups
AZIMUTH	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] A picture label describing two GROUPs separated laterally. GROUP names will be referenced by cardinal directions (e.g., NORTH GROUP, SOUTH GROUP, or EAST GROUP, WEST GROUP). [S/A] Direction to the threat.
ECHELON [subcardinal direction]	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Fill-in to a picture label describing GROUPs aligned behind and to the side of the closest GROUP.
RANGE	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] A PICTURE label describing two GROUPs separated in distance along the same line of bearing. GROUP names will be LEAD GROUP or TRAIL GROUP.
3+ Groups
BOX	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Picture label with GROUPs in a square or offset square.
CHAMPAGNE	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] A picture label of three distinct GROUPs with two in front and one behind. GROUP names should be NORTH LEAD GROUP and SOUTH LEAD GROUP or WEST LEAD GROUP and EAST LEAD GROUP and TRAIL GROUP.
LADDER	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Picture label with three or more GROUPs on the same azimuth but separated by range. GROUP names should be LEAD GROUP, SECOND GROUP, THIRD GROUP, and TRAIL GROUP or LEAD GROUP, MIDDLE GROUP, and TRAIL GROUP.
VIC	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Picture label with three GROUPS with the single closest in range and two GROUPS, AZIMUTH split, in trail. GROUP names should be LEAD GROUP and NORTH TRAIL GROUP and SOUTH TRAIL GROUP or EAST TRAIL GROUP and WEST TRAIL GROUP.
WALL	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Picture label with three or more GROUPS primarily split in azimuth. GROUP names should be NORTH GROUP, MIDDLE GROUP, SOUTH GROUP or WEST GROUP, MIDDLE GROUP, EAST GROUP.
Separation
DEEP	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Indicates separation between the nearest and farthest GROUPs in range in a relative formation of three or more GROUPs, used to describe a LADDER, VIC, CHAMPAGNE, or BOX.
STACK	{I} [A/A] Two or more CONTACTS within GROUP criteria with an altitude separation in relation to each other (typically above >=10,000 foot separation). {R} Request all airborne players and their assigned altitude block in the specified area.
WEIGHTED [cardinal direction]	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Fill-in for a CHAMPAGNE, VIC, WALL, or LADDER when one or more GROUPS are out of position or offset from the standard picture label.
WIDE	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Separation between the farthest GROUPS in azimuth in a relative formation of three or more GROUPS, used to describe a WALL, VIC, CHAMPAGNE, or BOX.
Inner
CONTAINER	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Inner GROUP formation with four CONTACTs oriented in a square or offset square.
LEAD-TRAIL	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [AIR-MAR] Inner GROUP formation of two CONTACTS separated in range.
LINE ABREAST	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Inner GROUP formation of two or more contacts separated in azimuth.
STINGER	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Three-ship inner GROUP formation with two lead CONTACTs line abreast and the SINGLE in trail. {I} [S/A] An IR man portable air defense system (MANPADS).
WEDGE	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Three-ship inner GROUP formation with a single CONTACT closest in range and two trail CONTACTs line abreast.
Maneuvers
CROSSING	{I} [A/A] Two GROUPs initially separated in azimuth decreasing azimuth separation to pass each other.
JOINED	{I} [A/A] Two or more radar returns have come together.
MANEUVER [azimuth, range, altitude]	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Specified GROUP is maneuvering in azimuth, range, and/or altitude.
MARSHALING	{I} Established at a specific point, typically used to posture forces in preparation for an offensive operation.
MERGED	{I} [A/A] FRIENDLIES and targets have arrived in the visual arena.
PASSING	{I} [A/A] Two GROUPs initially separated in range, decrease range separation and are passing each other.
SWITCHED	{I} [A/A] Attacker is changing from one aircraft to another.
TRACK [direction]	{I} [A/A] GROUP or CONTACTS direction of flight or movement. {D} [A/S] [S/S] Directive call assigning responsibility to an asset for maintaining sensor or visual observation of a defined object or area. {D} [A/S] Rotary wing directive call to establish race track (e.g., “Taz 31, TRACK left). {I} [A/S] [AIR-MAR] Information call stating direction of vehicle or CONTACT in motion (e.g. TALLY TECHNICAL TRACK Northwest).

B.6 Single-Ship Maneuver Codes

Single-ship maneuver codes direct or describe single-ship maneuvers. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.6: Single-Ship Maneuver Brevity Codes
Single-Ship Maneuver Brevity Code	Definition
BANZAI	{D or I} [A/A] Execute(ing) launch and decide tactics with the intent to maneuver into the visual arena. Launch your missiles, then continue to the target. May end up as a merge. Not common in DT, but significant for OT tactics. Also, fun to say, with aerial combat overtones.
BRACKET [direction]	{D} [A/A] [A/S] Maneuver to a position on opposite sides, either laterally or vertically from the target.
BUSTER	{D or I} Fly at maximum continuous speed (military power).
CRANK [direction]	{D} [A/A] Maneuver in the direction indicated. Implies illuminating target at or near radar GIMBAL limits.
EXTEND(ING) [direction]	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] Short-term maneuver to gain energy, distance, or separation with the intent of reengaging.
GATE	{D or I} Fly as quickly as possible, using afterburner or maximum power.
HOT	{D or I} [A/A] Initiate or initiating a turn in the combat air patrol toward the anticipated threats. Opposite of COLD. {I} Defined area is expected to receive fire (enemy or FRIENDLY). Opposite of COLD. {I} Ordnance employment intended or completed. Opposite of DRY. {I} CONTACT aspect stabilized at 160–180 degrees angle from tail or 0–20 degrees angle from nose. {I} [A/A] Intercept geometry will result in passing in front of the target.
JINK	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] Perform an unpredictable maneuver to negate a tracking solution.
LEAN [direction]	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] Offset package or element in specified direction maintaining briefed altitude, airspeed, and formation.
NOTCH(ING) [direction]	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] [S/A] Aircraft is in a defensive position. Maneuver(ing) with reference to a threat.
OFFSET [direction]	{D or I} Maneuver in a specified direction with reference to the target.
PUMP	{D or I} [A/A] A briefed maneuver to minimize closure on the threat or geographical boundary with the intent to reengage.
SKATE	{D or I} A/A] Informative or directive call to execute launch and leave tactics at a pre-briefed range. Modifiers can include LONG and SHORT. Launch your missiles, then turn away to fight another day prior to a briefed distance from the target.
STERN	{D or R} [A/A] Requests for, or directive to, intercept using STERN geometry.
Turns
CHECK [number, left or right]	{D} [A/A] Turn (number) degrees left or right and maintain new heading.
COME OFF [direction]	{D} [A/A] Maneuver as indicated to either regain mutual support or to deconflict flight paths. Implies both VISUAL and TALLY. {D} [A/S] Maneuver or execute a specific instruction.
HARD [left, right, direction]	{D} High-G-force, energy sustaining turn in the indicated direction (default is a 180-degree turn).
HOOK	{D} (direction) [A/A] Perform an in-place, 180-degree turn. {D} (track # or descriptor) Data link directive call to cue sensors to described point (e.g., point of interest, SAM, MARKPOINT, track number, etc.).
IN PLACE [direction]	{D} [A/A] Perform indicated maneuver simultaneously.
PITCH/PITCHBACK [left/right]	{D} [A/A] Execute a nose-high heading reversal.
SLICE/SLICEBACK [left/right]	{D} [A/A] Perform a high-G descending turn in the stated direction, usually 180-degree turn.
Non-Engagement
FLOAT(ING)	{D or I} [A/A] Expand(ing) the formation laterally within visual limits to maintain radar contact or prepare for a defensive response.
FLOW [direction or heading]	{D or I} [A/A] Maneuver in stated direction or heading. Can be used to begin cold operations.
MARSHAL(ING)	{D or I} Establish(ed) at a specific point, typically used to posture forces in preparation for an offensive operation.
POP	{I} [A/S] Starting climb for A/S attack. {D or I} [A/A] Max performance climb out of low-altitude structure.
POST HOLE	{D or I} [A/A] Rapid descending spiral.
SHACKLE	{D or I} [A/A] One weave; a single crossing of flight paths; maneuver to adjust or regain formation parameters.
SPIN	{D or I} [A/A] Execute(ing) a timing or spacing maneuver.
SPLIT	{D or I} Flight member is leaving formation to pursue a separate attack; VISUAL may not be maintained.

B.7 Request Codes

Request codes compress questions into single words. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.7: Request Brevity Codes
Request Brevity Code	Definition
POSIT	{R} Request for FRIENDLY position; response in terms of a geographic landmark or from a common reference point.
STATUS [phase]	{R} [A/A] Request for an individual’s tactical situation. {R} [A/A] [A/S] Directive call requesting amplifying information on current task or aircraft state. e.g., respond with WORKING, JONESING, VOID, CONTACT, CAPTURE, TARGETED, LOCKED, CLEAN, ENGAGED, FUEL (RED/YELLOW/GREEN), WEAPON (RED/YELLOW/GREEN) ready or plain English.
WHAT LUCK	{R} Request for results of missions or tasks.
WORDS	{D or R} Directive or interrogative call regarding further information or directives pertinent to the mission.

B.8 Weapon Codes

Weapon codes are related to employment of munitions. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.8: Weapon Brevity Codes
Weapon Brevity Code	Definition
[number, weapon type] AWAY	{I} [A/S] [S/A] Release or launch of specified weapon at designated target (e.g., 1 AWAY, 2 PIGS AWAY, BIRDS AWAY, etc.). At minimum number or weapon type required. NOTE: Include launch location in BULLSEYE format and weapons track direction when appropriate
FOX [number]	{I} [A/A] Simulated or actual launch of air-to-air weapons. (ONE): Semi active radar-guided missile. (TWO): IR-guided missile. (THREE): Active radar-guided missile.
GUNS	{I} [A/A] [A/S] Aircraft gun is being employed.
MILLER TIME	{I} [A/S] Completion of A/S ordnance delivery. Generally used by the last striker in conjunction with a precoordinated egress plan.
PIG(S)	{I} [A/S] FRIENDLY glide weapon(s) (e.g., joint stand-off weapon). See (weapon) AWAY.
RIFLE [number, time]	{I} [A/S] [AIR-MAR] FRIENDLY A/S missile launch. Option to add follow on modifiers for number of munitions and/or time of flight.
RIPPLE	{D or I{ [A/S] [S/A] [AIR-MAR] Two or more munitions will be released or fired in close succession. Typically associated with number and type of weapon with release interval. (Normally discussed during the pre-strike game plan between aircraft and/or between aircraft and ground tactical controller).
SHOOTER	{I} Aircraft or unit designated to employ ordnance.
SHOTGUN	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [S/A] Pre-briefed weapons state.
SPLASH(ED)	{I} [A/A] Target destroyed. {I} [A/S] Weapons impact. {I} [S/S] Informative call to observer or spotter five seconds prior to estimated time of impact.
TARGET	{D} [A/A] [A/S] [S/A] [AIR-MAR] Assignment of targeting responsibilities. {I} [A/S] [S/S] [AIR-MAR] ROE, PID, coordination of forces, and commander’s guidance requirements on the referenced target or track have been satisfied. Target or track correlation, CDE, and clear field of fire must be accomplished prior to employing ordnance or fires.
TARGETED	{I} [A/A] Fighter has acquired assigned GROUP and has assumed responsibility for it.
WHAT STATE	{R} [A/A] Request for amount of fuel and missiles remaining. Response to WHAT STATE is: (1st number) number of active radar missiles remaining. (2nd number) number of semi-active radar missiles remaining. (3rd number) number of IR missiles remaining. (MINUS) No gun or not sufficient ammunition for gun attack. BY (4th number) thousands of pounds of fuel (given to one decimal point), or time remaining. Example response to WHAT STATE: “Blue 44 is 3-1-2 by 7 POINT 5” is equivalent to 3 AIM-120s, 1 AIM-7, 2 AIM-9s, gun with ammunition, and 7,500 lbs. of fuel remaining. 2. (item) Ammunition and oxygen are reported only when specifically requested or critical.
WINCHESTER	{I} No ordnance remaining.
HARM AGM-88
ARIZONA	{I} [A/S] [EW] No anti-radiation missile ordnance remaining.
MAGNUM [system, location]	{I} [A/S] [EW] Launch of FRIENDLY anti-radiation missile.
SLAPSHOT [type, bearing]	{D or I} [A/S] [EW] Immediately employ a best available anti-radiation missile against a specified threat at the specified bearing.
SNIPER [type, location (range, bearing)]	{D or I} [A/S] [EW] Employ a range known anti-radiation missile against a specified threat at the specified location.
WORKING	{I} (system with location) [EW] Platform gathering electronic EOB on a designated emitter. {I} [A/A] Platform executing electronic ID on a specific aircraft or GROUP to obtain ID necessary for BVR employment.
AMRAAM AIM-120
CHEAPSHOT	{I} [A/A] Active missile data link terminated between high and medium pulse repetition frequency (MPRF) active.
[2nd] FOX THREE/TWO/ONE [number] SHIP	{I} [A/A] Simulated or actual missile launch against separate targets (assumes one missile per target) (e.g., “SWORD 12, FOX THREE 2 SHIP”). When 2nd prefix is used indicates simulated or actual launch of multiple missiles on the same target.
HUSKY	{I} [A/A] Active radar missile is at high pulse repetition frequency active range.
PITBULL	{I} [A/A] Air intercept missile (AIM)-120 is at MPRF active range.
SKOSH	{I} [A/A] Aircraft is out of or unable to employ active radar missiles.

B.9 Sensor Codes

Sensor codes provide information about radio-frequency, optical, and infrared sensors, as well as lasers used for designation and ranging. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.9: Radar or Sensor Brevity Codes
Sensor Brevity Code	Definition
BUDDY LOCK [position, heading, altitude]	{I} [A/A] Radar locked to a known FRIENDLY aircraft. Normally a response to a SPIKED or BUDDY SPIKE calls.
BUDDY SPIKE [position or heading or alt]	{I} [A/A] FRIENDLY system radar lock-on indication on radar warning receiver.
[target or object] CAPTURED	{I} [A/S] Specified surface target or object has been acquired and is being tracked with an onboard sensor.
CLEAN	{I} [A/A] No sensor information on a GROUP of interest. {I} No visible battle damage. For Battle Damage (BD) checks “Clean and Dry” means no damage and no leaking fluids. {I} Aircraft not carrying external stores. Aircraft configuration. Be careful and be specific. Better to state explicitly the required configuration than to just say “clean.”
DEADEYE	{I} Laser designator system inoperative.
DIRT	{I} [S/A] Radar warning receiver indication of surface threat in search mode. See MUD and SINGER.
DROP(PING)	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] Stop(ping) monitoring of specified emitter or target or GROUP and resume(ing) search responsibilities. {D or I} (TRACK number) Remove the emitter or target from tactical picture or track stores. {D or I} [EW] Remove a specific system or EOB category from search responsibilities.
EMPTY	{I} [EW] No emitters of interest detected.
EYEBALL	{I} [A/A] Fighter with primary visual ID responsibility. {I} [A/A] Electro-optical (EO), IR, or night vision device acquisition of an aircraft. Normally followed by number of aircraft observed (if more than one).
EYEBALL NARROW	{I} [A/A] EO or IR contacts are viewed in narrow field of view (FOV) and are too close for resolution via radar.
FADED	{I} [A/A] [S/A] [AIR-MAR] Sensor data is lost on GROUP or CONTACT. Requires information of last known position to include number of CONTACTS and TRACK direction.
GIMBAL	{I} [A/A] Sensor target is approaching azimuth or elevation tracking limits.
HIT(S)	{I} Momentary radar return(s). {I} (altitude) [A/A] Indicates approximate altitude (e.g., GROUP BULLSEYE 360/10, HITS 15 thousand). {I} [A/S] Weapons had desired effects on the intended target.
JONESING	{I} [A/S] Informative call requiring additional time to analyze current SAR map.
LASER ON	{D} [A/S] [S/S] Directive call to start lasing.
LASING	{I} [A/S] [S/S] The speaker is firing the laser in response to LASER ON.
LOCKED	{I} (with GROUP label) [A/A] Radar lock-on; SORT is not assumed. {I} (with position) [A/A] Radar lock-on; correct targeting is not assumed.
LOST LOCK	{I} [A/A] Loss of host radar or IR lock-on.
MAP	{D} [A/S] Directive call to initiate SAR mapping event on a specified point of interest.
MAP COMPLETE	{I} [A/S] Informative call that A/S radar completed mapping and waiting for the map to process / display. JONESING assumed.
MAPPING	{I} Multifunction radar in an A/G mode.
MARK	{D} Record the location of a point or object of interest. {D} [A/S] [S/S] Spotting round, normally white phosphorus or illumination on the deck to indicate targets to aircraft, ground troops, or fire support. {R} [A/A] Challenge and response term for requested aircraft to report contrails.
MONITOR(ING) [GROUP or object]	{D or I} [A/A] [A/S] Maintain(ing) sensor awareness on specified GROUP or object. Implies that tactically significant changes will be communicated. {D} [AIR-MAR] Maintain contact or targeting information on a maritime surface contact.
MUD [type with direction, range if able]	{I} [A/S] [EW] Radar warning receiver ground threat displayed with no launch indication. {I} [A/S] [EW] Radar warning receiver indication of surface threat in track mode. See DIRT and SINGER.
MUSIC	{I} [A/A] Radar electronic deceptive jamming.
NAILS [direction]	{I} [A/A] Radar warning receiver indication of airborne interceptor (AI) radar in search. {I} [A/S] 2.75-inch flechette rockets.
NAKED	{I} [A/A] No radar warning receiver indications.
NEGATIVE CONTACT	Sensor information on a friendly aircraft is lost. Termination of CONTACT, track plotting is not warranted.
RAYGUN [position, heading, altitude]	{I} [A/A] Radar lock-on to unknown aircraft. {R} [A/A] A request for a BUDDY SPIKE reply from FRIENDLY aircraft meeting these parameters.
SHIFT [direction]	{D} [A/S] [AIR-MAR] Shift laser, IR, radar, device energy, or aim point. NOTE: Can be used to shift from the offset position onto the target. Also used during multi-aircraft attack to shift laser energy or target assignments.
SINGER [type, direction]	{I} [EW] Radar warning receiver indication of SAM launch. See MUD and DIRT.
SNAPLOCK [BRAA]	{I} [A/A] Informative call indicating fighter has obtained a radar contact inside briefed threat range with BEAM, FLANK, or HOT aspect and is unable to complete sanitization responsibilities implying ownership. A SNAPLOCK call should be responded to with BRAA.
SNIFF [type]	{I} [A/A] [EW] Passive sensor indication of a radar emitter.
SORT	{D} [A/A] Assignment of responsibility within a GROUP; criteria can be met visually, electronically (i.e., radar), or both. {D} [A/S] Assignment of specific targeting responsibilities.
SORTED	{I} [A/A] [A/S] [AIR-MAR] Sort responsibility within a GROUP has been met.
SPARKLE	{D or I} [A/S] [S/S] Mark or marking target by IR pointer. {I} Platform is IR pointer capable.
SPIKE(D) [direction]	{I} [A/A] [S/A] Radar warning receiver indication of an AI threat in track or launch.
SPOT	{I} [A/S] Acquisition of the reflected laser energy. {I} Platform is laser spot tracker capable.
STROBE(S) [bearing]	{I} [A/A] Radar indication(s) of noise jamming.
TIED	{I} [A/A] Positive radar contact with element or aircraft.
TOY	{I} [EW] high speed anti-radiation missile (HARM) targeting system (HTS) pod.

B.10 Avionics/Datalink Codes

Avionics/Datalink codes describe communications, interrogations, identification, and datalink systems and their states. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.10: Avionics or Datalink Brevity Codes
Avionics/Datalink Brevity Code	Definition
[system] BENT	{I} System indicated is inoperative. Cancelled by SWEET.
[system] SICK	{I} System indicated is degraded or partially operative. Cancelled by SWEET.
[system] SILENT (time)	{I} (time) [A/A] System will be unavailable for time indicated. {I or D} Data link is, or should be placed, in receive only. {I or D} [EW] Broadcast station is not transmitting. May also be used as an order and must be followed by a frequency or station designator. If possible, it should be followed by an estimated time of return to the air.
SOUR	{I} (mode/type) [A/A] [S/A] Invalid or no response to an administrative IFF or selective ID feature check. {I} (link name) (e.g., “TIMBER SOUR”) Potential problems with net entry; initiates pre-mission link troubleshooting. (Opposite of SWEET)
SWEET	{I} (mode/type) [A/A] [S/A] Valid response to an administrative IFF or selective ID feature check. {I} (link name) (e.g., “TIMBER SWEET”) Confirms receipt of data link information. {I} Equipment indicated is operating efficiently. (Opposite of SOUR; cancels SICK, BENT)
Systems
PARROT	IFF selective ID feature transponder.
TIMBER	[EW] Link 16 Network.
TOY	[EW] high speed anti-radiation missile (HARM) targeting system (HTS) pod.
UNIFORM	Ultra-high frequency (UHF)/amplitude modulation (AM) radio.
VICTOR	Very-high frequency (VHF)/amplitude modulation (AM) radio.
*PRIME/PRI	Primary radio frequency. UHF if UHF/VHF. UHF1 if UHF1/UHF2.
*AUX	Auxiliary radio frequency. VHF if UHF/VHF. UHF2 if UHF1/UHF2
Directives
FENCE [IN/OUT]	{D} Set cockpit switches as appropriate before entering or exiting the combat area.
FLASH [system]	{D} [A/A] Temporarily activate specified system for ID purposes (identification, friend or foe (IFF), or afterburner, flare or chaff, etc.). {D} [A/S] [S/S] Clear the net immediately, critical information to follow (e.g., “FLASH, FLASH, FLASH this is Frontier 6, immediate MEDEVAC, grid to follow.”).
INTERROGATE	{D} [A/A] [S/S] [AIR-MAR] [MAR-MAR] Interrogate the designated contact of the IFF mode indicated.
SQUAWK [mode, code]	{D or I} [A/A] Operate IFF/selective ID feature as indicated or IFF or selective ID feature is operating as indicated.
SQUAWKING [mode number]	{I} [A/A] [S/A] BOGEY is responding with an IFF or selective ID feature mode or code other than that prescribed by the air tasking order or ID criteria.
STRANGLE [system]	{D} [A/A] [S/A] Turn off system indicated (e.g., STRANGLE PARROT).
TOGGLE [system]	{D} Execute the briefed setting change on specified system.
ZAP	{R} Request for data link information.

B.11 Clearance Codes

Clearance codes have significant potential for miscommunication. This is because there are phases of test execution when a third-party is primarily responsible for clearance (often critical phases such as engine start, taxiing, takeoff, departure, aerial refueling, approach, and landing). There are other phases of test execution where the test team must decide and clarify who is responsible for clearance. The specifics of the test point should be the primary consideration, including how static or dynamic the point is.

Table B.11: Clearance Brevity Codes
Clearance Brevity Code	Definition	Flight Test Context
CLEARED◬	{D} Requested action is authorized. NOTE: Engaged support roles not established or transferred.	Test point pacing ONLY. DO NOT SAY “CLEARED” WHEN A/C IS ABOUT TO TAXI, TAKE THE RUNWAY, OR LAND. The “cleared” word is reserved in those situations for the controlling agency (ground, tower, etc.). Don’t get your aircrew violated because they acted without clearance from the controlling agency!
CLEARED HOT◬	{D} [A/S] Type 1 and 2 CAS terminal attack control when granting weapons release clearance to an aircraft attacking a specific target.	NOT FOR THE TEST CONDUCTOR TO SAY! Range control has the hammer.
CONTINUE	{D} Continue present maneuver, does not imply a change in clearance to engage or expend ordnance.	VERY USEFUL. By replying to an aircrew query with “CONTINUE”, you are indicating that you are aware of the situation, you’ve taken it into consideration, and they can safely, securely, effectively, and efficiently proceed with the current course of action.
CONTINUE DRY	{D} [A/S] Continue present maneuver, ordnance release not authorized. Used to provide approval to aircraft to continue the pass without expending ordnance during Type 1, 2, or 3 control. (JTAC must use “Type 3, CONTINUE DRY” for dry Type 3 control). NOTE: Simulated weapons deliveries may be performed.	From clearance authority.
PRESS◬	{D} [A/A] Requested action is approved and mutual support will be maintained, assumes VISUAL. {D} [A/S] Requested action is approved and mutual support will be maintained.	Not typically used in flight test conduct, but a very common term in informal settings.
PUSH [channel]	{D} Switch to designated frequency; no acknowledgment required.	Not for you to say, but the flight lead is directing the flight to change frequencies, so follow along.
RESET	{D} [A/A] [S/A] [SO] Proceed to a prebriefed position or area of operations.	Start over, per the brief.
RESUME	{D} [A/A] Resume last formation, route, or mission ordered.	If test point was paused, resume at last step.
ROGER◬	{I} Radio transmission received; does not indicate compliance or reaction.	One of the more abused brevity codes. Only indicates that you heard, nothing more. “ROGER, COPY” is redundant, as is “ROGER, WILCO.”
ROLEX [+/- time]	{I} [A/A] [A/S] Timeline adjustment in minutes for entire mission; always referenced from original preplanned mission execution time. “Plus” means later; “minus” means earlier.	Often used when delays have offset briefed mission times.
SAUNTER	{D} Fly at best endurance.	Used when test is on hold.
SKIP IT	{D} Directive call for a specific platform to not engage the indicated track. Usually followed with further directions.	Used to veto aircrew suggestion or to tell aircrew NOT TO PICKLE.
UNABLE	{I} Cannot comply as requested or directed.	Used to indicate inability to comply.
WEAPONS [status]	{D or I} Weapons control status. Fire only: (FREE): At targets not identified as FRIENDLY IAW current ROE. (TIGHT): At targets positively identified as HOSTILE IAW current ROE. (HOLD◬ [USAF, USA,USMC] / SAFE◬ [USN]): In self-defense or in response to a formal order.	Weapons testing.

B.12 Flight Condition Codes

Flight Condition codes provide low-fidelity generalizations of altitude and airspeed. They can be very useful when tight tolerances and databands are not required, but a general condition is desired. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.12: Flight Condition Brevity Codes
Flight Condition Brevity Code	Definition
Speed
VERY FAST	{I} [A/A] [S/A] Target speed greater than 900 knots/1.5 mach.
FAST	{I} [A/A] Target speed of 600–900 knots ground speed or Mach 1.0 to 1.5.
SLOW	{I} [A/A] [S/A] Target with ground speed of 100–250 knots.
VERY SLOW	{I} [A/A] [S/A] Target speed less than 100 knots.
Altitude
HIGH	{I} [A/A] [S/A] CONTACT is greater than 40,000 ft mean sea level.
LOW	{I} [A/A] A CONTACT less than 5,000 ft above ground level.

B.13 Rules of Engagement & Identification Codes

Rules of Engagement (ROE) & Identification (ID) codes provide characterizations of the friend/foe status, as well as free/restrained weapons engagements can be. They do not often have test-specific meanings, but test teams can make use of the test aircrew and operators prior training to provide clarity and reduce communication bandwidth.

Table B.13: Rules of Engagement & ID Brevity Codes
ROE & ID Brevity Code	Definition
Discussion
BOGEY DOPE	{R} [A/A] [S/A] Request for information on indicated or closest GROUP in BRAA format (with appropriate fill-ins).
DECLARE	{R} [A/A] [S/A] [AIR-MAR] Inquiry as to the ID of a specified track(s), target(s), or correlated GROUP. Responses include: FRIENDLY, BOGEY, BANDIT, HOSTILE, NEUTRAL, UNABLE, CLEAN, or FURBALL. Full positional data (BULLSEYE) must accompany responses.
ID	{D} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Directive call to identify the target or track. {I} (type) [A/A] ID is accomplished, followed by type.
Descriptions in order of FRIENDLY to HOSTILE
FRIENDLY	{I} A positively identified FRIENDLY aircraft, ship, spacecraft, or ground position.
CHICK(S)	{I} Term used to denote FRIENDLY aircraft.
PRINT [type]	{I} [A/A] Valid noncooperative target recognition reply.
PAINT(S)	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] [MAR-MAR] An interrogated GROUP or radar contact that is responding with any of the specified IFF, or selective ID feature modes and correct codes established for the ID criteria.
BOGEY	{I} [A/A] [S/A] [SO] A CONTACT whose identity is unknown.
SPADES	{I} [A/A] [S/A] [AIR-MAR] An interrogated GROUP or radar contact that lacks all of the air tasking order (or equivalent) IFF or selective ID feature modes and codes required for the ID criteria.
OUTLAW	{I} [A/A] CONTACT has met point of origin criteria for ROE. Point of Origin means that the contact came from a geographic location identified as hostile.
SUSPECT	{I} [SO] An identity applied to a track that is potentially hostile because of its characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality.
BANDIT	{I} [A/A] [AIR-MAR] Positively identified as an enemy IAW theater ID criteria. The term does not imply direction or authority to engage. [SO] A SUSPECT whose orbital parameters are such that it may become a collection and/or counterspace concern to a spacecraft in the relative near-term, therefore limiting decision space.
STALKER	{I} [SO] A BANDIT with counterspace capability that has significantly refined orbital parameters required to engage a high value asset.
HOSTILE	{I} A contact identified as enemy upon which clearance to fire is authorized IAW theater rules of engagement. WARNING: This use of HOSTILE is as a brevity term for air-to-air and maritime air engagements and should not be confused with the same term in tactical data link ID and rules of engagement (ROE).